Ibintu bine ugomba gusuzuma mbere yo kumenya ibijyanye nizuba

1.Indorerwamo z'izuba

Indorerwamo zizuba, nanone bita indorerwamo zitanga izuba, zikoreshwa mugutanga izuba.Abantu bakunze guhindura urumuri rwinshi muguhindura ingano yizuba.Iyo ubukana bwurumuri burenze ubushobozi bwo guhindura amaso yumuntu, bizatera kwangirika kumaso yumuntu.

Kubwibyo, mubikorwa byo hanze, cyane cyane mu cyi, birakenewe gukoresha indorerwamo zizuba kugirango uhagarike izuba kugirango ugabanye umunaniro uterwa no guhindura amaso cyangwa ibyangiritse biterwa no gukurura urumuri rukomeye.

Indorerwamo zizuba rero zari zikwiye kuba ikintu cyingirakamaro mubuzima bwacu.Turashobora kwambara amadarubindi yizuba mugihe cyizuba gishyushye, dushobora kwambara amadarubindi yizuba mugihe utwaye, kandi dushobora kwambara amadarubindi mugihe twifotoje.Nibyiza, kandi indorerwamo zizuba ziroroshye gutwara.Abagore barashobora gushira ibirahuri muri canvas tote imifuka hamwe nubufuka bwo guhaha.Niba uri umugabo, urashobora kubishyira mumufuka wikoti yawe.Urashobora kandi kubishyira mumodoka yawe mugihe utwaye, nibindi byose, indorerwamo zizuba ziroroshye gukoresha

Indorerwamo zizuba rero zari zikwiye kuba ikintu cyingirakamaro mubuzima bwacu.Urashobora kwambara amadarubindi yizuba mugihe cyizuba gishyushye, urashobora kwambara amadarubindi yizuba mugihe utwaye, kandi ushobora no kwambara amadarubindi yizuba mugihe wifotoje.Ubukonje, indorerwamo zizuba biroroshye gutwara.Abadamu barashobora gushira ibirahuri byabo muri canvas tote imifuka nubufuka bwo guhaha.Niba uri umugabo, urashobora kubishyira mumufuka wikoti.Urashobora kandi kubishyira mumodoka mugihe utwaye.Indorerwamo zizuba ziroroshye cyane gukoresha uko byagenda kose.Amadarubindi yizuba ryuruganda rwacu hamwe nibikoresho bya optique byakorewe ubugenzuzi bukomeye, kandi mubyukuri dukora imashini zikoreshwa mumashini, kimwe no mubikorwa byo gutunganya amazi mabi dukoreshaSisitemu yo Gutunganya AmaziHamwe na Pump, dukoresha igice cya-cyuma USB cyo kugurisha imashini ya data yibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.Dukoresha imashini idoda kugirango dukorecanvas tote imifuka.Dukoresha aimashini yambura mudasobwagutunganya insinga.Mugutunganya inguni nu mfuruka yikadiri, dukoresha imashini yo kugurisha byikora kugirango duhuze ibice bitandukanye byikadiri., Iradufasha kunoza umusaruro, kugabanya ibiciro, kandi irashobora kuguha igiciro gito.

2.Ihame ry'amadarubindi

Ingaruka z'izuba

(Indorerwamo)

(Indorerwamo)

Indorerwamo z'izuba zirashobora guhagarika urumuri rutameze neza, kandi icyarimwe rushobora kurinda amaso imirasire ya ultraviolet.Ibi byose biterwa nicyuma cyifu ya filteri, ishobora "guhitamo" urumuri iyo ikubise.Ibirahuri by'amabara birashobora guhitamo gukuramo bimwe muburebure bwumurongo ugizwe nimirasire yizuba kuko bikoresha ifu nziza yicyuma (icyuma, umuringa, nikel, nibindi).Mubyukuri, iyo urumuri rukubise lens, urumuri rugabanuka hashingiwe kubyo bita "kwangiza kwangiza".Nukuvuga ko, mugihe uburebure bwumucyo runaka (aha twavuga nka ultraviolet a, ultraviolet b, ndetse rimwe na rimwe na infragre) zinyuze mumurongo, bazahagarika undi imbere mumbere yinzira yerekeza kumaso.Gupfundikanya imiraba yumucyo ntabwo ari impanuka: impinga yumuraba umwe hamwe ninkono yumuraba wegeranye bihuza kugirango bihagarike.Ikintu cyo kwivanga cyangiza biterwa nigipimo cyo kwangirika kwinzira (ni ukuvuga urugero rwo gutandukana iyo urumuri runyuze mubintu bitandukanye mukirere), kandi nanone biterwa nubunini bwinzira.Muri rusange, ubunini bwa lens ntabwo buhinduka cyane, kandi indangantego yo kwangirika ya lens iratandukanye ukurikije itandukaniro ryimiterere yimiti.Indorerwamo zizuba ntizigomba guhura nizuba.

Amadarubindi

Amadarubindi ya polarize yambaye ingaruka

(Amadarubindi)

Ibirahuri bikabije bitanga ubundi buryo bwo kurinda amaso.Umucyo ugaragara uva kumuhanda wa asfalt ni urumuri rudasanzwe.Itandukaniro riri hagati yurumuri rwerekanwe numucyo biturutse ku zuba cyangwa isoko yumucyo iyo ari yo yose iri mubibazo byurutonde.Umucyo ukabije ukorwa numuraba uhindagurika mu cyerekezo kimwe, mugihe urumuri rusanzwe rukorwa numuraba unyeganyega uterekeje.Ninkitsinda ryabantu bagenda mu kajagari nitsinda ryabasirikare bagenda bakurikirana., Yakoze itandukaniro rikomeye.Muri rusange, urumuri rwerekanwe ni urumuri rutondetse.Linzingi zifite akamaro kanini muguhagarika urumuri kubera imiterere ya filteri.Ubu bwoko bwa lens butuma gusa imiraba ihindagurika ikanyeganyega mu cyerekezo runaka kunyuramo, kimwe n "urumuri".Kubibazo byo kugaragariza umuhanda, gukoresha ibirahuri bya polarize birashobora kugabanya ihererekanyabubasha, kuko bitareka imiraba yumucyo ihindagurika ihuye ninzira nyabagendwa.Mubyukuri, molekile ndende ya filteri igana yerekeza kuri horizontal kandi irashobora gukurura urumuri rutambitse.Muri ubu buryo, urumuri rwinshi rwerekanwe ruvaho, kandi urumuri rwose rwibidukikije ntirugabanuka, kandi polarizer irashobora guhangana nizuba bitaziguye.

Guhindura ibirahuri

(Guhindura ibirahuri)

(Guhindura ibirahuri)

(Guhindura ibirahuri)

(Guhindura ibirahuri)

 

(Guhindura ibirahuri)

 

(Guhindura ibirahuri)

Ibirahuri by'ibirahure bihindura amabara birashobora kwijimye nyuma yuko imirasire y'izuba yinjiye. Iyo itara ryagabanutse, ryongeye kumurika.Ibi birashoboka kuko kristal ya halide ikora.Mubihe bisanzwe, birashobora gutuma lens ikora neza.Munsi yizuba, ifeza muri kristu iratandukana, kandi ifeza yubusa ikora uduce duto imbere muri lens.Aya matsinda mato ya feza ni bloks idasanzwe hamwe namenyo ya kine.Ntibishobora kohereza urumuri, ariko birashobora gukurura urumuri gusa.Nkigisubizo, lens yijimye.Iyo urumuri rwijimye, kristu yongeye gukora, kandi lens igaruka kumiterere yayo.

3. Imikorere yibanze yizuba

Intangiriro

Ikirahuri cyizuba gisa nkicyoroshye cyane, ni ukuvuga ko hariho ibirahuri bibiri byamabara cyangwa amabati ya plastike mugice runaka cya plastiki cyangwa icyuma.Hari ikintu cyoroshye kuruta ibi?Mubyukuri, ibirahuri bibiri byikirahure birashobora gukora byinshi bitandukanye.Iyo ukoresheje indorerwamo zizuba, itandukaniro naryo rizagira ingaruka zikomeye kuri wewe.

Imikorere

(UV yangiza retina)

Imirasire ya Ultraviolet irashobora kwangiza cornea na retina, kandi indorerwamo zizuba zifite ubuziranenge zirashobora gukuraho burundu imirasire ya ultraviolet.

Iyo ijisho ryakiriye urumuri rwinshi, rusanzwe rugabanya iris.Iris imaze kugabanuka kugera aho igarukira, abantu noneho bakeneye kwikinisha.Niba hakiri urumuri rwinshi, nk'urumuri rw'izuba rugaragarira mu rubura, byangiza retina.Indorerwamo nziza yizuba irashobora gushungura kugeza kuri 97% yumucyo winjira mumaso kugirango wirinde kwangirika.

Ubuso bumwe, nkamazi, burashobora kwerekana urumuri rwinshi, kandi ibibara byera byakozwe murubu buryo birashobora guhungabanya umurongo wo kureba cyangwa guhisha ibintu.Indorerwamo nziza yizuba irashobora gukoresha tekinoroji ya polarisation kugirango ikureho burundu urumuri.Tuzashyiraho tekinoroji ya polarisiyasi nyuma.

Imirongo imwe yumucyo izahindura umurongo wo kureba, mugihe izindi zumucyo zishobora kongera itandukaniro.Hitamo ibara ryiza kubirahuri by'izuba, kugirango bibone ibisubizo byiza mubidukikije.

Niba indorerwamo zizuba zidatanga uburinzi bwa UV, zizaguhishurira imirasire ya UV.Indorerwamo zizuba zihenze zungurura urumuri, bigatuma iris yawe yugurura kugirango yakire urumuri rwinshi.Ibi bizemerera kandi imirasire myinshi ya ultraviolet kwinjira, byongere ibyangiritse biterwa nimirasire ya ultraviolet kuri retina.

Kubwibyo, mubyukuri hariho itandukaniro hagati yizuba ryizuba.Kuburyo bwihariye bwo gukoresha ibidukikije, guhitamo amadarubindi akwiye kandi yujuje ubuziranenge azaguha uburinzi bukomeye.

Ukurikije amahame mpuzamahanga, indorerwamo zizuba zishyirwa mubicuruzwa bikingira amaso.Igikorwa nyamukuru cyamadarubindi ni uguhagarika izuba.Nyamara, amahame mpuzamahanga agabanya amadarubindi yizuba "indorerwamo yimyambarire" n "indorerwamo rusange."Ibisabwa byujuje ubuziranenge bw "indorerwamo yimyambarire" mubisanzwe ni bike.Kuberako "indorerwamo yimyambarire" yibanda cyane kuburyo, uwambaye yitondera imitako aho kurinda.Mubisanzwe, ibisabwa byujuje ubuziranenge "indorerwamo zintego rusange zirakomeye, harimo ibisabwa kurinda UV, diopter na prism.

4.Gutondekanya amadarubindi

Gutondekanya ukoresheje

Indorerwamo z'izuba zishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu: ibirahuri bitanga izuba, amadarubindi y'amabara y'izuba hamwe n'amadarubindi yihariye.

(ibirahuri bitanga izuba)

Indorerwamo yitwa izuba-igicucu, nkuko izina ribigaragaza, ikoreshwa mugicucu.Ubusanzwe abantu bahindura urumuri ruhindura ingano yabanyeshuri babo izuba.Iyo ubukana bwurumuri burenze ubushobozi bwo guhindura ijisho ryumuntu, bizatera kwangirika kwijisho ryumuntu.Kubwibyo, mubikorwa byo hanze, cyane cyane mugihe cyizuba, abantu benshi bakoresha ibirahuri bitanga izuba kugirango bahagarike izuba kugirango bagabanye umunaniro uterwa no guhindura amaso cyangwa ibyangiritse biterwa no gukurura urumuri rukomeye.

(amadarubindi y'amabara)

(indorerwamo idasanzwe-izuba)

(anti-reflektive lens)

<1> Kurwanya anti-reflektif lens: Ubu bwoko bwa lens busizwe hamwe na fluoride ya magnesium fluoride hejuru kugirango wirinde kwerekana urumuri rukomeye, kugirango ubashe kubona ibintu neza kandi ntubangamiwe numucyo ukomeye.Kugenzura niba indorerwamo zizuba zikoresha koko anti-reflektive lens, urashobora kwerekana ibirahuri kumasoko yumucyo.Niba ubona ibara ry'umuyugubwe cyangwa icyatsi kibisi, bivuze ko lens zashizweho koko na firime irinda ibintu.

(linzira y'amabara)

*Ubu ni bwo buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu bwoko bwa lens.

(Lens irangi)

<3> Irangi risize irangi: Ingaruka zubu bwoko bwa lens nimwe nki ya lens yamabara, gusa inzira yo kuyikora iratandukanye.Nugushushanya ibara hejuru yinzira.Ikizwi cyane ni "intambwe y'amabara ya gradient", ibara ni Hejuru ni ndende cyane, hanyuma ikoroha.Mubisanzwe, indorerwamo zizuba zanditseho irangi cyane.

(inzitizi)

<4> Inzira zifite polarize: Kugirango ushungure imirasire yizuba yizuba irabagirana kumazi, kubutaka cyangwa shelegi muburyo bungana, hiyongereyeho igifuniko kidasanzwe gihagaritse kumurongo, bita lensisire.Birakwiriye cyane siporo yo hanze (nkibikorwa byo mu nyanja, gusiganwa ku maguru cyangwa kuroba).

(Guhindura ibara)

(Indorerwamo y'izuba)

(Lens yo gutwara nijoro)

Ubwoko buranga

<1> Icyatsi kibisi: Icyatsi kibisi gishobora gukurura ibara iryo ariryo ryose, kuburyo ibibera bizahinduka umwijima gusa, ariko ntihazabaho aberrasi igaragara, yerekana ibyiyumvo nyabyo kandi bisanzwe.Nibiri muri sisitemu yamabara atabogamye.

<2> Ibara ryijimye: gushungura urumuri rwinshi rwubururu, rushobora kunoza itandukaniro rigaragara kandi ryumvikana.Nibyiza kwambara mugihe cyanduye cyikirere cyangwa ikirere cyijimye.Mubisanzwe, irashobora guhagarika urumuri rwerekanwe kuva hejuru kandi rworoshye, kandi uwambaye arashobora kubona ibice byoroshye.Ni amahitamo meza kubashoferi.

<3> Icyatsi kibisi: mugihe gikurura urumuri, cyongera urumuri rwicyatsi rugera kumaso, bityo rukagira ibyiyumvo byiza kandi byiza, bikwiranye nabantu bakunda umunaniro wamaso.

*

<5> Lens ya Mercure: Ubuso bwa lens bwakira indorerwamo yuzuye.Lens ikurura urumuri rugaragara kandi rukwiriye abantu bakora siporo yo hanze.

<6> Lens yumuhondo: Mu magambo make, ubu bwoko bwa lens ntabwo ari indorerwamo yizuba, kuko bigabanya cyane urumuri rugaragara, ariko mumasaha yibicu na nimugoroba, lens yumuhondo irashobora kunoza itandukaniro kandi igatanga icyerekezo nyacyo, bityo nanone yitwa indorerwamo nijoro.Bamwe mu rubyiruko bambara “indorerwamo z'izuba” zifite lens z'umuhondo nk'umutako.

<7> Ubururu bwerurutse, umutuku wijimye nizindi lens: lens imwe irarimbisha kuruta ibikorwa.

<8> Icyatsi kibisi cyijimye: Ikurura ubushyuhe kandi ikazana ibyiyumvo byiza, ariko itumanaho ryumucyo nibisobanutse ni bike.Birakwiriye kwambara izuba kandi ntibikwiriye gutwara.

<9> Lens yubururu: Izuba ryubururu rishobora kwambarwa mugihe ukinira ku mucanga.Lens yubururu irashobora gushungura neza ubururu bwerurutse bugaragazwa ninyanja nikirere.Tugomba kwirinda gukoresha lens z'ubururu mugihe utwaye, kuko bizatuma tudashobora gutandukanya ibara ryikimenyetso cyumuhanda.